2024年7月18日 星期一 19:43:55

中国造纸行业发展展望

     2013年造纸行业仍延续前期低迷态势,在国内经济疲弱,出口形势严峻的背景下,主要下游行业增速进一步回落;同时,受经销商环节去库存以及纸张生产低克重化趋势的影响,前11月行业产量同比陷入零增长,收入增速进一步趋缓。而供给端保持了一定的产能扩张速度,行业产能过剩矛盾有所加剧,主要纸种销售价格均出现下跌。受益于成本端压力缓解,行业盈利水平小幅回升,但整体盈利指标与偿债指标仍处历史低位。
  短期内,国内经济与外需市场仍难言乐观,纸品需求难以获得显著提振,但考虑其下游侧重消费领域的需求结构,以及去库存影响的淡化,2014年行业需求仍有望取得小幅增长。供给方面,行业扩张速度趋缓,但在大企业的推动下行业仍将释放较大规模的新增产能,落后产能的退出将成为影响市场供需格局的主要因素,依据近期的政策导向这一因素或将得到强化。中债资信认为,现阶段国内造纸行集中度很低,行业内部在装备、成本、环保处理等方面存在很大差异,淘汰落后、优化供给结构的空间仍很大。未来在低景气、弱盈利的压制下,以及环保标准与政策执行力度的趋严,落后产能的退出可能会较前期进一步加快,能够较大程度冲抵新增产能影响。我们预计2014年行业供需格局仍将弱化,但考虑落后产能退出影响后,程度相对有限。原材料方面,预计纸浆及废纸价格仍将低位振荡,成本端不存在进一步压力。
  财务风险方面,虽然随着行业产能扩张速度的趋缓,但造纸行业产能过剩矛盾小幅加剧将使企业的盈利及获现能力小幅下滑,行业债务负担或将加重,偿债指标趋弱,但整体幅度有限。
  总体看,短期内行业需求难以出现实质性改善,产能增速或将放缓,行业整体景气程度将维持在现有较低水平。考虑到后续环保及淘汰落后产能政策或将缓解行业产能过剩压力,中债资信维持造纸行业信用品质“较差”的行业评价及“稳定”的行业展望,但景气度及政策环境的趋严将增加部分中小企业成本压力,从而加剧中小企业与大企业信用品质分化。此外,细分纸种间信用品质亦存在分化,生活用纸行业信用品质最高,白卡纸行业信用品质最低。
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