2024年7月18日 星期一 19:43:55

鲜甘薯贮藏技术

   鲜甘薯的体积大、含水量多,组织细嫩、皮薄,容易破皮受伤,又易受冷、怕热、怕干、怕湿、怕闷,如果管理不好,很容易出现烂窖现象。因此,要保管好甘薯,使之安全贮藏,保证其不烂或少烂是至关重要的。因此,在贮藏期间应注意加强贮藏管理。
   首先要把好入窖消毒关:甘薯在贮藏期间的主要病害是软腐病黑斑病和茎线虫病,其次为镰刀菌干腐病、青霉病等。发病原因是:薯块感染病菌、拐子带菌或病窖传染等。薯块受冻害、淹害或缺氧时,常发生软腐病。黑斑病菌在贮藏初期气温较高时发病较重。因此,入窖前严格精选不带病害的薯块和薯窖消毒非常重要。薯窖消毒一般按每立方米体积用硫磺50g,点燃,封闭窖门、窗,熏蒸3天3夜,也可在入窖前用2%福尔马林或1%~2%硫酸铜喷洒消毒;为了预防病害,甘薯在入窖前可用50%代森铵稀释200~300倍,或50%甲基托布津,或25%多菌灵稀释500~1000倍浸薯lomin,晾干入窖可防黑斑病。对茎线虫病严重的甘薯,收垄后,三垄合一垄,在田间用稀释400~500倍辛硫磷喷洒薯块,然后晾干贮藏,对杀死薯块表面线虫有良好的效果。
   其次要做好窖温控制关:在10℃以下时,薯块的细胞原生质活动停滞,生理机能受到影响,因而发生冷害。当温度在-2℃时,薯块内部细胞间隙结冰,其组织被破坏,因而发生冻害。受冷害或冻害的薯块由于生理作用反常,新陈代谢受到破坏,致使薯块的贮藏性和抗病力降低,因而容易受病菌侵染,造成烂窖。在贮藏初期,气温较高,常出现呼吸高峰,薯堆内水气多,湿度大,因而在薯块表面会出现结露现象,发生湿窖。
   甘薯在贮藏期间部分淀粉被转化成糖,造成淀粉的损失。甘薯贮藏一个冬季后,其淀粉含量的降低占总含量的20%左右。用贮藏时间过长的甘薯生产淀粉时,淀粉的产率将下降。因此,若用甘薯生产淀粉,除将其少部分鲜存以保证工厂的短时间加工生产外,通常都要将新鲜甘薯切片晒干后贮藏,这样可避免甘薯腐烂以及淀粉转化为糖而造成的损失


 

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