2024年7月18日 星期一 19:43:55

马铃薯早疫病晚疫病防治技术

        马铃薯早疫病在叶片上产生近圆形褐色至深褐色病斑,上面有黑色同心轮纹和少量黑霉,病斑外面有黄色晕圈;茎部病斑同叶部病斑基本相似;薯块形成暗褐色圆形病斑或不规则形病斑,稍凹陷,病斑下面组织干腐变褐。
  马铃薯晚疫病多从叶尖或叶缘发生水浸状褪绿斑,天气潮湿时,病斑迅速扩大到叶的大部甚至全部,并可沿叶缘侵入叶柄及茎部,形成褐色条斑。叶片背面和茎部沿病斑边缘长出一圈白霉,湿度很大时,叶片正面也长出白霉。天气干旱时,病斑干枯,变为褐色,没有白霉,叶片变脆,易碎裂。薯块发病,产生不规则紫色斑,稍凹陷,组织变硬,干腐,将病薯从病斑处切开,可见到皮下有一层较深的薯肉变为红褐色,潮湿时软腐、发臭。
  怎样控制马铃薯早疫病、晚疫病的危害建立无病留种地,选用健康种薯建立无病留种地,选用无病种薯作种,杜绝病害的侵染来源,对控制马铃薯晚疫病作用显著。
  拔除中心病株,及时喷药控制发病中心在马铃薯生长期加强病害监测,一旦发现中心病株,立即拔除深埋销毁,同时在中心病株周围用药进行喷雾,间隔7~10天喷施一次,连喷3~4次。若雨水频繁,喷药间隔期适当缩短,增加喷药1~2次。
  马铃薯晚疫病可用25%的甲霜灵可湿性粉剂100克、58%甲霜灵锰锌100克倍液、40%的乙磷铝200克倍液、80%森锰锌干悬浮剂(必得利)100克任选一种兑水50公斤喷雾,间隔7~10天喷药一次,共喷2~3次。马铃薯早疫病选择硫酸铜1000倍液、或40%多菌灵800倍液、或或50%百菌清600~5800倍液、或25%叶枯灵250~400倍液,7-10天一遍,连喷2~3次。为避免抗性产生,应交替用药,同一种药剂连续喷施不得超过3次。为减缓抗药性的产生,应注意轮换用药。
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