木薯是热带作物,在广西自然气候条件下,很少有开花结果现象,无法开展杂交育种工作。为克服广西杂交育种难题,广西壮族自治区木薯研究所育种团队自2008年开始,开展了木薯诱导开花及杂交育种技术研究,经多年努力在木薯杂交育种上获得重大突破,攻克了广西不能进行木薯杂交育种的技术难关。项目采用6个木薯品种试验,诱导开花率高达100%,实现木薯可在5-12月份开花,可杂交授粉时间长达8个月,开创了广西木薯杂交育种的先河。目前该项技术已申请了专利。
过去认为除了海南省,我国其它省份、地区光热条件都不能完全满足木薯种子发育所需条件,无法开展木薯杂交育种。广西木薯研究所研发的诱导开花及杂交育种技术突破了原有育种区域限制,突破了广西不能进行杂交育种的技术瓶颈。通过诱导开花调控技术,使广西的木薯最早5月份可开花,9月中旬前可开花1-2次,部份品种全年开花可达3次;木薯诱导开花率高,供试品种5-9月份,开花率达100%,诱导木薯成花的花器质量高,母花多,可授粉时间延长,大大提高了育种效率,平均授粉率为51.67%,结实率好,获得了大量的杂交种子。
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