2024年7月18日 星期一 19:43:55

谷物粉的新液化酶制剂

     谷物淀粉是重要工业原料,湿法工艺将玉米中淀粉分离开来提高纯度,再用酶液化酶糖化成葡萄糖,加工成不同产品,如各种淀粉糖品等。另一种工艺为干法,将玉米干磨成粉,用酶液化,糖化,省去先制成淀粉的工序,较简单,发酵工业采用,如制酒精类产品。
    液化液化酶制剂液化玉米粉中淀粉,一般的液化酶制剂效果差一些,最近Novo Nordisk公司生产了一种新型液化酶制剂Termanyl S C,液化玉米谷物粉的效果好。
    曾做过液化对比试验。干磨玉米粉浓度为31%,pH值为5.6,温度85℃,酶制剂用量0.5kg/t(干基计),比较葡萄糖值(也称为DE)增高速度和所得液化液性质等。应用新酶Termanyl S C,葡萄糖值增加快,40、60、80、95分钟达到9、10、12、14,应用普通Termanyl L C的速度为6、6.5、7、8,所得淀粉液化液的粘度低,只约为一半,流动性高,操作较易,如喷射、泵送、热交换、还能提高粉乳浓度30%增加到35%,有的还高达38%。使用pH能降低1度。酶糖化前需要加酸调整pH,因调整量少,相应用酸也少,产生盐量少,有提高酵母效能的作用。需要加添钙盐为稳定剂的量也少,也有利于减低不利的草酸钙生成。液化后酶仍保有反应活性,在以后的工序中能继续起到分解的作用。
曾在美国二家啤酒工厂试用这种新液化酶,产品中酒精含量提高了0.4%~0.5%,可能是由于液化效果好,复合反应少,发酵糖分较高的缘故。
    新型液化酶制剂可能促进干法生产,特别是燃料酒精工业。酒精本是一种老产品,但自从70年代石油危机以来,被用为动力燃料,特别是在巴西、美国发展很快。现在美国年产燃料酒精达75亿升。在美国是加10%酒精于普通汽油中,称为Gasohol,省去添加四乙铅防爆剂,燃料性质等于高级汽油,但废气中无有害物质污染。酒精有清净燃料之称。在美国大汽车公司有的开始生产用酒精混合量高达85%混合燃料的汽车。1999年6月22~25日在Iowa州召开的第十五届世界燃料酒精会(Intermational Fuel Ethanol Workshop)有400多人参加。该会于15年前召开的第一届会只有25人参加。参加人数的大增,反映了燃料酒精的大发展。Novo Nordisk公司没有展览介绍酶制剂。美国目前最大的酒精工厂属于Archer Daniels Midland公司,该公司也是生产玉米淀粉的大公司,设有4家工厂。
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