2024年7月18日 星期一 19:43:55

马铃薯优质高产施肥技术

    马铃薯俗称土豆,为茄科茄属的草本植物,是一种营养全面的粮菜兼用作物。马铃薯生育期短,但需肥量大,每生产1000公斤块茎,大约需要从土壤中吸收氮(N)5-6公斤,磷(P2O5)1-3公斤,钾(K2O)12-13公斤,在肥料三要素中,需钾最高,氮次之,磷最少,氮磷钾三要素之比为2.2:1:4.6。
    为保障马铃薯的优质高产,按照无公害蔬菜生产技术要求,针对马铃薯生长特性及其需肥规律,提出如下施肥技术:
 1.施肥原则:以有机肥为主,施好马铃薯专用肥,以基肥为主,早施提苗肥。
 2.施足基肥:基肥应以有机肥为主,施好施足马铃薯专用肥,即在每亩施用优质腐熟有机肥2500-3000公斤的基础上,亩施马铃薯专用肥45-50公斤。 
 3.酌情施用种肥。基肥不足或耕地前来不及施肥时,常于播种时,按每亩施马铃薯专用肥15-20公斤,作为种肥。种肥施用主要以沟施或穴施的方式进行,注意肥料不要与种薯直接接触,以免酌伤种薯。
 4.看苗巧施追肥。追肥要早要巧,一般分2次进行,第一次在齐苗时,结合中耕培土,用腐熟人粪尿500-700公斤加水浇施;第二次在现蕾期,此时马铃薯块茎开始膨大,需肥量增多,是需肥最多的时期,可亩施马铃薯专用肥5-15公斤。一般在肥垄后可不再追肥。 
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