2024年7月18日 星期一 19:43:55

马铃薯春播把六关

  春播马铃薯由于播种时间短,播后出苗快,要获得高产需把好六关。
  一、整地
  马铃薯是块茎作物,薯块膨大,需要疏松、深厚、富含有机质的良好土层,所以,马铃薯在播种前半个月,应深翻1次土壤,播种时间再深翻1次,耕翻深度30-40厘米。
  二、选种
  马铃薯品种多,种薯要选用适合本地生长且高产的优良品种,选择芽眼凹陷、无病斑、无虫孔、无伤口的薯块,大小以50克左右为宜。
  三、消毒
  种薯要进行消毒处理,以杀灭潜伏在块茎内的晚疫病菌。用200倍福尔马林溶液浸种4-6分钟,然后把种薯堆积,用塑料薄膜覆盖闷2-3小时,之后再摊成薄层晒干。也可用40-45℃的温水浸种30分钟。
  四、底肥
  马铃薯生育期较短,底肥施用量应占总施肥量的70%左右,一般亩施腐熟猪、牛、羊粪等家杂肥4000公斤、过磷酸钙30公斤,坡地、瘠薄地还应多施。
  五、间套
  为提高土地利用率,采用宽窄行双行间套是夺取马铃薯和其他作物增产的有效方法。密度每亩2000-2500穴为宜。
  六、管理
  马铃薯幼苗开始零星出土时亩追施稀人粪尿1500-2000公斤;在齐苗后亩穴施尿素12公斤;在苗高50厘米左右时亩深施碳铵25公斤。追肥后要盖肥培土,防止肥料挥发,结合追肥进行中耕,除田间杂草。当苗长到30厘米时用多效唑喷施2-3次,控制薯苗旺长,以促进地下块茎膨大。
 

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